Wednesday, May 28, 2014

Our Final Goodbyes

Most of the time in class this week was spent in preparation for the final exam. We took that exam today, explaining EVERYTHING about biology. Needless to say, I did not feel confident about it. Even more, I still have to update standards and do some stuff concerning the website. 

However, at this point the deed is done. Biology Class is over. Unless Mr. Quick requires some summer work, or Fitz works with him to continue the blog, this will be my last official update post. I have to say, it's been fun, but all good things must come to an end. 

Goodnight sweet bio.

Friday, May 16, 2014

Lab Report!!!

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1w-5A2DJaeDUPAblzKSTyiRWqG9M9aaBaarH4Ak49mI/edit

Friday, May 9, 2014

Hormonal


With all the study on plants, and the lab going on, we've been stuffed full of information on those plants and their reproduction. Yay.

Auxins are a group of plant hormones that contribute to "growth and behavioral processes" in the life of a plant. There are four naturally-synthesized auxins in plants:

  • Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) -- Plays a role in embryo development, leaf formation, photo- and gravitropism, fruit development, and root development. At a molecular level, it assists with cell enlongation and cell division. Its most important role is that of a signaling molecule in the development of plant organs and the monitoring of growth. 
  • 4-Chloroindole-3-Acetic Acid (4-CI-IAA) -- Although little is known about it, this hormone may be referred to as the "death hormone". It promotes the movement of plant nutrients to the seed, starving the plant and preparing the seed itself. 
  • Phenylacetic Acid (PAA) -- This has similar effects to the other hormones, promoting plant growth and development. However, PAA is best known for its production of Phenylacetone, an active ingredient in Methamphetamine.   
  • Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) -- IBA is found often in leaves and seeds of maize and other plants. Little is known about it, but it may be converted into IAA via β-oxidation. 

Abscisic acid (ABA) is also used for many developmental processes in plants. It is known mostly for its affect on bud dormancy, as well as its affect on plant responses to environmental stress. ABA is a hormone that contributes to the abscission (cutting, shredding) of plant leaves, flowers, or seeds.

When there is an environmental abnormality, ABA takes effect. In the cold, it acts as an inhibitor to the "vascular cambium", meaning it slows plant growth in the cold. When there is little available water in the soil, it causes the leaves to reduce transpiration and conserve water.

Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that is associated with fruit ripening and the "triple response" of the plant, or the avoidance of damage to the seeds. In the protection process, the hormone affects the seed in three different steps:

  • It prevents the seedling stem and root from elongating
  • It induces the stem and root of the plant to become thicker.
  • It bends the stem so that leaves grow horizontally. 
In addition, it also assists with the processes undertaken by the other hormone types, including abscission of leaves and fruit, flower production, budding, and opening, ripening of fruit, and "induction of femaleness in dioecious flowers". 


Most of this information is not from Wikipedia. It's all based on legitimate sources and prior knowledge.

Monday, May 5, 2014

La Flor del Amor

So today we did a blog on flowers.

The color involves a shade of hot pink on the outside, and darker pick and red on the inside. The reproductive anthers are clearly visible, being black on the ends. A pattern of red dots is exuded from the the center outward. It was found outside the admissions building around 1:25 pm.

The flower was two inches across and attached to a bush, that had stems branching out from the center. The bush itself was around 1.5 feet tall. Oddly enough, the flower observed was the only blooming flower on the bush, as the rest had wilted or not yet sprouted. Being in late spring, only an outside force (lack of watering, shade, etc.) could be the cause for the lack of flowers. The bush is located directly underneath a large tree, which shades the sunlight from the leaves, preventing effective photosynthesis of the bush. Also, the area in which the plant grows is not very well tended by the Webb gardeners, as it is in a hard-to-reach area.

There was no interaction with the environment during the time of observation. In fact, there was no wind, meaning no movement of the flower. After fifteen minutes of observation, I moved onto the next one.

The second was a tree flower, located on a branch just outside of the museum. The tree was probably twelve feet tall at its tallest, and the flowers showed wherever there was a branch. Unlike the first bush, the tree was covered in blooming flowers.

This certain flower is a shade of bright red, with transitions to yellow and orange along the outside. Within the center, the reproductive system of the flower can be clearly seen. They sprout from the edge of branches, which hang out three to six feet from the trunk, and only seem to appear on the outsides of those branches. Also, they are surrounded by green leaves (as seen in the picture) on all sides.

The flower itself was around an inch and a half across. The tree, being the tallest object in its vicinity, was not blocked by anything from above. This presented obvious opportunity for photosynthesis in the leaves closer to the top and sides. Other flowers were at different stages of sprouting, some larger than the one I observed and some recently sprouted.

Unlike the pink flower, there was a bit of environmental interaction. By this time, the wind had picked up to a cool breeze, allowing for the leaves to sway slightly. Also, since there were many flowers on this tree, every three flowers had a pollinating bee. These bees moved from flower to flower, and an individual never repeated a flower (as I observed). However, some bees pollinated the flowers that other bees had already pollinated. I managed to get a picture of the flower, as well as another behind it, without the presence of any stinging pollinators.

The final flower was found outside in the quad, near the ramp and stairs leading to the library . It is a blue-violet color, extending a foot from the ground on a single branch. It was around 1.5 inches across, and has leaves on the branch around the bottom, but not too low as to be blocked from sunlight.

There were multiple single-branch flowers of this type surrounding the one I chose to observe. All had a green branch one foot long, flowers of dark green at the bottom, and a single blue-violet flower with five petals. Everything was stationed fairly close to the ground, which is justified in that there was nothing blocking sunlight from above. As it is located in a high-traffic area of Webb, the flower receives regular care and watering, allowing for it and the surrounding plants to sprout fully.

There was no pollination of the flower, as there were many people walking around the area. It did, however, experience some swaying due to faster winds.

Wednesday, April 30, 2014

Controlling Domesticated Nature

http://www.pinterest.com/chrisj1182/the-manipulation-of-species/

SourceS:
Google Images. (Last Accessed 4/30/14). http://images.google.com/
Pollan, Michael. The Botany of Desire. (New York: Random House, 2002). Introduction.

Wednesday, April 23, 2014

Follow the white rabbit


So there was a lab today on predation, and the relation between predator and prey. We did a game-like activity to find trends between number of predators (wolves) and number of prey (rabbits). The lab required paper, lots of paper.

The results indicate that when the number of wolves is low, the number of rabbits increases, which in turn increases the number of wolves, decreasing the number of rabbits, and then decreases the number of wolves. This is a predator-prey cycle, which looks like two cosine curves, with one slightly to the right. 

We set up a paper ecosystem and placed paper rabbits onto it. The WOLFMASTER throws a wolf paper onto the ecosystem, and attempts to "eat" the rabbits by touching the papers. When the wolf is thrown, if it is touching three or more rabbits it can reproduce, meaning the MASTER gets to throw two the next round. If it doesn't it starves to death. Every rabbit that is not eaten gets to reproduce as well at the beginning of the next round, increasing the population by double. 

Data below: (Each number is the starting individuals at each round.)

Round (Number)White Rabbits (Start)Yellow Rabbits (Start)Green Rabbits (Start)Wolves (Start)
11111
22221
34441
48881
51214142
61822284
72630428
830384814
932384825
10241260
110241
120481
1306161
14012321
15022562


 

The Environment -- This is the color of our paper background. The color makes it easier for rabbits of darker green colors to camouflage into the background. Wolves can best see light green and white rabbits here, allowing a food source for their survival. This is a good area for nomad wolves, as the population is replaced every round.


The White Rabbit -- This species has a fur of white, which contrasts with the surrounding environment. This means that it is the most likely candidate to go extinct, due to overhunting of its stand-out colors.

 
The Green -- This species is the best suited, as its green color is the closest to that of the environment. Based on this fact, it is selected to survive.



The Light Green -- This species better blends into the environment, due to its similar green color. It is less likely to be eaten, and only by very attentive wolves. This variation is more suited to survive in our chosen environment.


Based on the color, the rabbit variation with darker green fur is more likely to survive. This will cause the whites to die out first, as seen by our data. The wolf population will increase slightly behind the rabbit population, due to the abundance of food in the area. When the predator species then increases enough to dominate the prey population, the rabbits decrease to near-extinction levels. With the lack of food, the predators then die off as well. And when there are no more predators, the remaining prey species individuals reproduce to the high levels, and the cycle starts again.

Monday, April 21, 2014

Another!

Then in the Savanna, there was a massive meteor strike that KILLED EVERYTHING!
Or so one would think...

https://sites.google.com/site/savannatraveljournal/emg_meteor-strikes-zambia